By: Chethana Ramachandran

APR 12,2023

How To Install Numpy Library in Python

Technical

NumPy is a Python package that is used for array processing. NumPy stands for Numeric Python. It supports the processing and computation of multidimensional array elements.

For the efficient calculation of arrays and matrices, NumPy adds a powerful data structure to Python, and it supplies a boundless library of high-level mathematical functions.

NumPy provides N-dimensional array types. It can be used for different mathematical operations on arrays.

Installation

The pip command is used to install the numpy package. Run the below command in the

terminal.

> pip install numpy

If you don’t have pip on your system, you should first install Pip.

Import NumPy

To access the NumPy, we should import the numpy into our Python code. For that, we can use the command.

> import numpy as np

The np is used as an alias for the numpy.

Creating an array using numpy

To create an array using numpy, we can use the function np.array().

Example:

>>> import numpy as np

>>> a = np.array([1,2,3,4])

>>> print(a)

Output:

[1 2 3]

Ndarray

The most important feature of numpy is Ndarray. It is an N-dimensional array that stores a collection of similar types of elements.

Example:

>>> import numpy as np

>>> a = np.array( [1,2,3],[4,5,6] )

>>> print( “Type:”, type(a))

Output:

Type: <class 'numpy.ndarray'>

NumPy DataTypes

Like Python, NumPy supports different types of data types. A list of scalar data types is demonstrated in the following table:

Sl.No	Data Type	Description
1	bool_	Stores true or false of boolean value as a byte.
2	int_	Default type of integer. It is similar to C long which contains 64-bit or 32-bit integers.
3	intc	Similar to the C integer (c int) and it represents 32-bit or 64-bit int.
4	intp	This integer represents the indexing
5	int8	Represents an 8-bit integer. The range is -128 to 127
6	int16	Represents a 16-bit (2 bytes) integer. The range is -32768 to 32767.
7	int32	Represents a 32-bit (4-byte) integer. The range is -2147483648 to 2147483647.
8	int64	Represents 64-bit (8-byte) integers. The range is -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807.
9	uint8	Represents a 1-byte (8-bit) unsigned integer.
10	uint16	Represents a 2-byte (16-bit) unsigned integer.
11	uint32	Represents a 4-byte (32-bit) unsigned integer.
12	uint64	Represents 8-byte (64-bit) unsigned integer.
13	float_	Identical to float64
14	float16	Represents half-precision float. 5 bits are used for the exponent. 10 bits were used for the mantissa, and 1 bit for the sign.
15	float32	Represents single-precision float. 8 bits are used for the exponent. 23 bits were used for the mantissa, and 1 bit for the sign.
16	float64	Represents double-precision float. 11 bits used for the exponent. 52 bits used for mantissa, and 1 bit for the sign.
17	complex_	Identical to complex128
18	complex64	Represents the complex number, where the real and imaginary part shares 32 bits.
19	complex128	Represents the complex number, where the real and imaginary part shares 64 bits.

NumPy dtype

The data type of the NumPy array is obtained by using the object known as dtype.

Syntax:

numpy.dtype(object,align,copy)

Example:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])

print(arr.dtype)

Output:

Int64

We can represent the Numpy data types with characters like i,b,u,S etc.

Example:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4], dtype='i4')

print(arr)

print(arr.dtype)

Output:

[1 2 3 4]

int32

NumPy Array indexing

Array indexing in numpy is similar to accessing an array element. The indexing of the numpy array is started with 0, which means the first element index is 0, the second element index is 1, and so on.

Example:

>>> import numpy as np

>>> a = np.array([1,2,3,4])

>>> print(a[3])

Output:

NumPy Array shape

NumPy arrays have the attribute called shape. It will return the number of elements in each dimension in a tuple.

Example:

>>>import numpy as np

>>>ar = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7]])

>>>print(ar.shape)

Output:

(2,3)

NumPy Array Reshaping

In NumPy, which has one dimensional, two dimensional and three-dimensional arrays, we can change the shape of the array by using reshape.

Example:

>>>import numpy as np

>>>ar1 = np.array([1, 2, 4, 8, 5, 6, 7, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12])

>>>newarr = ar1.reshape(4, 3)

>>>print(newarr)

Output:

[[1 2 4]

[8 5 6]

[7 3 9]

[10 11 12]]

NumPy Array Slicing

NumPy array slicing means the extraction of a portion of an array from the original array.

It can be demonstrated by the syntax: [start: stop: step]

The start, stop, step are the parameters passed to the array; start indicates the start index of the array to be sliced, the default index value is 0; stop indicates the length of the array to be sliced, the step will consider the default value is 1 if we don't pass any value.

Example:

>>>import numpy as np

>>>arr = np.array([3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14, 18])

>>>arr2 = arr[1:6]

>>>print(arr2)

Output:

[ 5 7 8 11 14]

NumPy Array Joining

NumPy provides different kinds of functions to combine the arrays.

numpy.concatenate

numpy.stack

By using the concatenate function, it will join two or more arrays along a specified axis. The default axis value is 0.

Example:

import numpy as np

array_1 = np.array([1, 2])

array_2 = np.array([3, 4])

array_new = np.concatenate((array_1, array_2))

print(array_new)

Output:

[1 2 3 4]

By using the stack function, it will join two or more arrays along a new axis.

Example:

import numpy as np

arr1 = np.array([1, 2, 3])

arr2 = np.array([4, 5, 6])

arr = np.stack((arr1, arr2), axis=1)

print(arr)

Output:

[[1 4]

[2 5]

[3 6]]

NumPy Copy and View

In NumPy, some functions return a copy of an array or some return the view while executing a function, when the contents are physically stored in another location, it is called copy. The view will return a new array that looks like the exact location data of the original array.

Example:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

x = arr.view() //declare the view

y = arr.copy() //declare the copy

arr[0] = 16

print(arr)

print(x)

print(y)

Output:

[16 2 3 4 5]

[1 2 3 4 5]